Windows & Linux Administration...: 5/22/11

How to Move or Change Windows Paging File or Virtual Memory location on windows.

How to Move or Change Windows Paging File or Virtual Memory location on windows.
To enhance performance, it is good practice to put the paging file on a different partition and on a different physical hard disk drive. That way, Windows can handle multiple I/O requests more quickly. When the paging file is on the boot partition, Windows must perform disk reading and writing requests on both the system folder and the paging file. When the paging file is moved to a different partition, there is less competition between reading and writing requests.
Follow the steps to move or change paging file on Windows XP and Windows Server 2003
1. Log on to the computer as Administrator.
2. Open system properties, Press Windows + Pause/Break key to open system properties.
3. Click the Advanced tab, and then under Performance, click Settings.
4. Click the Advanced tab, and then under Virtual memory, click Change.
5. In the Drive [Volume Label] list, click a drive other than the one on which Windows is installed (Windows is usually installed on the drive C). Under Total paging file size for all drives, note the value that is displayed next to Recommended.
6. Click Custom size, and then type the recommended value in the Initial size (MB) box.
7. Type the maximum size that you want to allow for paging in the Maximum size (MB) box, and then click Set.
8. In the Drive [Volume Label] box, click the drive on which Windows is installed (usually the drive C), and then use one of the following steps:
Note: If you do not want a paging file on the drive, click No paging file, and then click Set. A message similar to the following message appears:
If the pagefile on volume C: has an initial size of less than 126 megabytes, then the system may not be able to create a debugging information file if a STOP error occurs.
Continue anyway?
Click Yes.
Note: If you want to keep the minimum size of the paging file on the drive, click Custom size, and then type a value that is equal to or greater than the amount of RAM in the computer in the Initial size (MB) box. Type that same value in the Maximum size (MB) box, and then click Set.
9. The following message appears:
The changes you have made require you to restart your computer before they can take effect.
Click OK, click OK, click OK, and then click Yes when you are prompted to restart the computer.

Follow the steps to change or move paging file on Windows 7, Vista and Windows Server 2008.
1. Log on to the computer as Administrator.
2. Open system properties, Press Windows + Pause/Break key to open system properties.
3. Click the Advanced system settings tab, and then under Performance, click Settings.
4. Click the Advanced tab, and then under Virtual memory, click Change.
5. In the Drive [Volume Label] list, click a drive other than the one on which Windows is installed (Windows is usually installed on the drive C). Under Total paging file size for all drives, note the value that is displayed next to Recommended.
6. Click Custom size, and then type the recommended value in the Initial size (MB) box.
7. Type the maximum size that you want to allow for paging in the Maximum size (MB) box, and then click Set.
8. In the Drive [Volume Label] box, click the drive on which Windows is installed (usually the drive C), and then use one of the following steps:
Note: If you do not want a paging file on the drive, click No paging file, and then click Set. A message similar to the following message appears:
If the pagefile on volume C: has an initial size of less than 126 megabytes, then the system may not be able to create a debugging information file if a STOP error occurs.
Continue anyway?
Click Yes.
Note: If you want to keep the minimum size of the paging file on the drive, click Custom size, and then type a value that is equal to or greater than the amount of RAM in the computer in the Initial size (MB) box. Type that same value in the Maximum size (MB) box, and then click Set.
9. The following message appears:
The changes you have made require you to restart your computer before they can take effect.
Click OK, click OK, click OK, and then click Yes when you are prompted to restart the computer.

create your own run commands in windows

Creating Your Own Run Commands
If you are like me, you will use a few programs very frequently. One way to make them start faster is to give them their own Run command:
   1. Press Windows Key + R to open the Run dialog box.
   2. Type %windir% on run dialog box and press enter key to open the Windows directory.
   3. Press Alt+F -->Click New --> Click on Shortcut.
   4.Click on Browse and choose the program you want to use on Run dialog box and click on OK.
   5.Click on Next -->give a name to the program and Click on Finish.
   6. Open Run dialog box and type the name you gave on step 5 and press enter. This will open
   the program from  Run dialog box.
   No need to go to program files to start a program or double click on any shortcut.

how to mount linux/fedora/Ubuntu folder from different Linux system without installing samba or nfs

Follow the steps to mount linux/fedora/Ubuntu folder from different Linux system without installing samba or nfs .
sshfs and fuse-sshfs allow to mount folder of networked systems using ssh port(22).
Step 1: Install sshfs into Ubuntu
root#apt-get install sshfs
Install sshfs into RHEL or Fedora
root#yum install fuse-sshfs
Step 2: Create a folder to mount
root#mkdir -p /opt/ssh-folder
Step 3: Run below command to mount and press enter.
root# sshfs -o nonempty,noatime -p 22 username@192.168.xxx.xx:"/home/test-folder" /opt/ssh-folder/
Step 4: It will prompt to enter password, type passsword and press enter
username@192.168.xxx.xx's password:******
Step 5: Run mount to check the 192.168.xxx.xx:"/home/test-folder is mounted or not.
root#mount

What is memory ballooning

Memory ballooning allows you to have your guest dynamically change it’s memory usage by evicting unused memory during runtime. This is a useful feature because it reduces the impact your guest can have on memory usage of your host by giving up unused memory back to the host.

change and update date & time, time zone in ubuntu

tzselect: It is a command to change time zone in ubuntu. Just run the command, select continent or ocean, and
country . Type tzselect and press enter...
#tzselect
Run below command to syncronize time with ntp server
#ntpdate ntp.ubuntu.com

What is cloud computing

Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. These services are broadly divided into some categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) and Hardware as a Service (HaaS). The name cloud computing was inspired by the cloud symbol that's often used to represent the Internet in flowcharts and diagrams.

A cloud service has distinct characteristics that differentiate it from traditional hosting. It is sold on demand, typically by the minute or the hour; it is elastic -- a user can have as much or as little of a service as they want at any given time; and the service is fully managed by the provider (the consumer needs nothing but a personal computer and Internet access). Significant innovations in virtualization and distributed computing, as well as improved access to high-speed Internet and a weak economy, have accelerated interest in cloud computing.

A cloud can be private or public. A public cloud sells services to anyone on the Internet. (Currently, Amazon Web Services is the largest public cloud provider.) A private cloud is a proprietary network or a data center that supplies hosted services to a limited number of people. When a service provider uses public cloud resources to create their private cloud, the result is called a virtual private cloud. Private or public, the goal of cloud computing is to provide easy, scalable access to computing resources and IT services.
Hardware as a Service (HaaS) is a service provision model for hardware that is defined differently in managed services and grid computing contexts. In managed services, HaaS is similar to licensing. In grid computing, HaaS is a pay as you use model.
Infrastructure-as-a-Service(IaaS) like Amazon Web Services provides virtual server instanceAPI) to start, stop, access and configure their virtual servers and storage. In the enterprise, cloud computing allows a company to pay for only as much capacity as is needed, and bring more online as soon as required
Platform-as-a-service(PaaS) in the cloud is defined as a set of software and product development tools hosted on the provider's infrastructure. Developers create applications on the provider's platform over the Internet. PaaS providers may use APIs, website portals or gateway software installed on the customer's computer. Force.com, (an outgrowth of Salesforce.com) and GoogleApps are examples of PaaS.
software-as-a-service(SaaS) in this cloud model, the vendor supplies the hardware infrastructure, the software product and interacts with the user through a front-end portal. Services can be anything from Web-based email to inventory control and database processing. Because the service provider hosts both the application and the data, the end user is free to use the service from anywhere.

What is Hypervisor

A hypervisor, also called a virtual machine manager, is a program that allows multiple operating systems to share a single hardware host. Each operating system appears to have the host's processor, memory, and other resources all to itself. However, the hypervisor is actually controlling the host processor and resources, allocating what is needed to each operating system in turn and making sure that the guest operating systems (called virtual mahines) cannot disrupt each other.
Type 1 hypervisor runs directly on the hardware.
Type 2 hypervisor runs on another operating system, such as Linux.

Major Hypervisors
• Xen
• KVM
• VMware ESX
• Microsoft Hyper-V
• PowerVM
• Logical Domains / Oracle VM

p2v(Physical to Virtual) of Windows System using VMware vConverter

Below are the processes to convert P2V using VMware vCenter Converter Standalone 4.0.1

I. Download VMware vCenter converter Standalone client and install in your physical sysem.

II. Convert Windows Physical system to Virtual (P2V).

Download VMware vCenter converter and install on physical system and install it on your physical system

Download VMware vCenter Converter Standalone client from below link. http://www.vmware.com/products/converter/

Note:We need to register to download vCenter converter. Just register with your mail id, it is free to download.

Convert Windows Physical system to Virtual (P2V).

1. Open VMware vCenter Converter and Click on Convert Machine

2. Select Source type is “Powered-on machine” and “This local machine” then click on Next

3. Select Destination type “VMware Infrastructure virtual machine” and give ESX server details at “VMware Infrastructure server details” and clink next

4. Give Virtual Machine name and click Next

5. Under View/Edit Option select drive to convert and check the box of drive which you want to convert and un-check the box if you do not want to convert them. Click on Next to continue.